Communication difficulties can affect how learners understand and use language. Learners with these difficulties may struggle with speaking, understanding, or both. They might use short sentences, mix up word order, or say “um” often. These challenges can make it hard for them at home, in school, and with friends. Communication difficulties are different from speech sound disorders. Speech sound disorders are where the learner has trouble making sounds, whereas with communication difficulties, the learner can make sounds but has trouble using them to communicate. Learners with these difficulties need extra help to improve their language skills.
What is typical?
Communication skills develop over time as learners grow. Most learners reach certain milestones as they learn to communicate. Here’s what you might expect to see at different ages:
- By age 2: Learners can usually say a few words and understand simple instructions.
- By age 3: Learners can speak in short sentences and follow simple directions.
- By age 4: Learners can tell simple stories and understand basic concepts like colours and shapes.
- By age 5: Learners can use full sentences and understand more complex instructions.
- By ages 6-7: Learners can have conversations and understand stories which are read to them.
- By ages 8-9: Learners can understand jokes and riddles and use language to express their thoughts clearly.
- By ages 10-11: Learners can use language to learn new information and explain their ideas.
- By ages 12-14: Learners can use language to discuss abstract ideas and understand different points of view.
When should I be concerned?
There are signs that a learner might be having communication difficulties. These signs can vary based on the learner’s age. Learners may have trouble learning and using language, both spoken and written. They might struggle with vocabulary, sentence structure, or having conversations. They may use short, simple sentences or put words in the wrong order. They might say “um” a lot or repeat parts of questions before answering.
Learners with communication difficulties might avoid talking to people they don’t know well. Moreover, these children may have a limited vocabulary which can add to communication difficulties. They may also have trouble organising their thoughts or following directions.
However, learners who are not learning in their mother tongue may have difficulties in communicating in the language of learning and teaching.
What can I do to help?
As an educator, you can try several things to help a learner with communication difficulties:
- Simplify your language: Use simple words and short sentences when speaking to your learner. This helps them understand better.
- Be direct: Clearly say what you mean. Avoid using too many words or complicated sentences.
- Encourage repetition: Ask your learner to repeat back what you said to ensure they understand.
- Read together: Read stories out loud and discuss them. This helps build vocabulary and comprehension.
- Play language games: Engage in games that involve naming objects, describing things, or storytelling.
- Use visual aids: Use pictures or gestures to help your learner understand words and concepts.
- Provide positive feedback: Praise your learner for their efforts and progress in communication.
Where to find more information
For detailed information on mental health conditions, visit our guides for health professionals.