Learners might try alcohol and other substances for different reasons. They might start because they see others doing it, they are curious, or because of peer pressure.
Alcohol is legal for adults in most places at age 18. Ads often show people having fun while drinking. The same goes for tobacco products like vapes and cigarettes. Many adults use these to relax and have a good time. But using these substances in unhealthy ways, like to cope with anxiety, depression, or loneliness, can be harmful. It can be especially dangerous for learners because these substances can be addictive and can affect their cognitive development.
Other substances of concern include marijuana (like cannabis, edibles, THC oil, dabs, vapes), hallucinogens (like LSD, PCP, mushrooms, ketamine), sedatives (like Xanax, Ambien), stimulants (like Adderall, cocaine, ecstasy), opioids (like heroin, Vicodin, Percocet), anabolic steroids, inhalants (like glue, whippets), and date rape drugs (like roofies). These substances can be illegal, even for adults, or need a doctor’s prescription, but they can still end up in learners’ hands and are very dangerous to their health.
People who often use these substances usually do so to “fix a problem.” When substances seem to help, it makes the person want to use them more. Substances might help with relaxing, feeling less bored, fitting in, escaping pain, dealing with bad memories, sleeping better, or feeling excited for a little while. It is important to know why learners find substances appealing in helping them prevent negative effects. If substance use gets serious, professional help is needed.
What is typical use?
None. No amount of alcohol or substance use is safe during childhood or teenage years.
While alcohol and other substances are illegal for minors, learners are curious and may get exposed to them. They might be offered or pressured to use them. Learners with issues like anxiety, depression, behaviour problems, or hyperactivity are more likely to experiment.
Most substances are harmful, especially in large amounts. Young people react differently to substances compared to adults. Their brains are very sensitive to substances like alcohol, which can harm their health and development. Using substances might temporarily ease anxiety or create a fun moment, but this increases the chance of repeated use. This can harm their physical growth, everyday life, school performance, and relationships. It can also make them more likely to engage in risky behaviours.
When should I be concerned?
Alcohol or substance use during childhood or teenage years is always concerning. The longer a substance is used, the more addictive and dangerous it becomes.
But how do you know if a learner is using alcohol or other substances? Besides finding items like bottles or bags, educators may notice changes in behaviour, mood, and physical appearance. These changes depend on the substance that is used. For instance, smoked tobacco can cause coughing or they could smell the smoke on the learner, while stimulants like vapes can cause insomnia and weight loss.
Here are signs that might show a child or teenager has a substance problem:
- Changes in behaviour, routines, and friends
- Mood swings, irritability, or becoming argumentative
- Unusual agitation, restlessness, or hyperactivity
- Lethargy, being slowed down, sleep changes or lack of motivation
- Declining grades, skipping school, and poor performance
- Loss of interest in hobbies or activities
- Comments from other staff, classmates, or caregivers
- Delinquent or substance-using friends
- Smell of alcohol or tobacco
- Difficulties waking up or falling asleep in class
- Dangerously risky behaviour
- Isolating from friends or missing events
- Borrowing or stealing money or valuables
What can I do to help?
Here are some ways to address concerns about a learner’s substance use:
- Express concern and offer support: Let the learner know you care and are available to listen without judgment.
- Educate about the risks: Provide factual information about the dangers of substance use, including its impact on health, academics, and relationships.
- Communicate with caregivers: Inform the learner’s caregivers about your concerns and observations.
- Collaborate with school support staff: Consult with the school counsellor, nurse, or social worker for guidance and resources.
- Maintain a supportive and drug-free environment: Promote a positive school climate that discourages substance use.
Where to find more information
For detailed information on mental health conditions, visit our guides for health professionals.